392 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 



one below. Stomach simple, with two or without coeca. 

 A large air-bag. 



85. LARRUS. Lips double, one supported by the jaws, 

 the other by the suborbitars. Gill-flap with five rays. 1. 

 Labrus (L. vetula). 2. Julis (L. Julift). 3. Crenilabrus 

 (Lutjanus rupestris of BLOCH,). 4. Coricus (L. virescens)* 

 5. Cheilinus (Sparus fadatus of BLOCK.). 6. Epibolus 

 (Sparus msidiatos). 9. Gomphosus (G. coeruleus). 



86. NOVACULA. Body descending suddenly towards 

 the mouth. Caryphama novacula. 



87. CHRQMIS, Teeth minute. Vertical fins with fila- 

 ments. Sparis ckromis. 



88. SCARUS. Intermaxillary and premandibular bones 

 convex, rounded, with teeth-like scales on the margin, with 

 young ones for future use. S. Abildgaardi. 



89. LABRAX of Pallas. Several rows of pores like so 

 many lateral lines. 



IV. Spinous portion of the dorsal fin capable of being 

 depressed into a groove, between the scales, on each side 

 at the base. Intestines large, with cceca. A large air- 

 bag. 



a. Sparoida. Dorsal fin single. 



90. SMARTS. Jaws protrusile. Teeth fine. Spar us moenu. 



91. BOOPS. Jaws with a single row of cutting teeth, 

 Sparus salpa. 



92. SPARUS. Teeth on the sides round, with flat sum- 

 mits. Jaws nearly fixed. 1. Sargus (S. Sargus). 2. 

 Sparus (S. auratd). 3. Pagrus (S. pagrus). 



The remaining genera form two groups. 



(A.) Gape wide. Front-teeth hooked, with thick set 

 fine ones behind. The genera are divided chiefly from the 

 characters furnished by the gill-lid. 



93. DENTEX. Gill-lid without spines or notches. Spa- 

 rus dentex. 



