DURING THE MIDDLE ACE. 11.3 



make mention of a Simon Waldcr, an upothcca-* 

 ry, living near the great market. Towards the 

 t-nd of this century, the number of apothecaries 

 Ihops at Stockholm were much increafcd ; and 

 by degrees they were eitabliflicd in the other ci- 

 ties. But it was not until the year 1686, that 

 pharmacy was lanftioncd by the voice of the 

 legiflaturc. 



Scarce any thing certain can be advanced 

 with refpcd to the Hate of ordinary chcmiftry, 

 and the attention that was paid to it in thcfc 

 times ; nor have we better intelligence of that 

 part of the fcicncc that relates to the various 

 arts, except fome account of metals, and a few 

 others. 



Metallurgy was cultivated long before the 

 birth of Chriit. Gold, lilvcr, lead, copper, iron, 

 and tin, were cxtraclcd from their ores ; but in 

 what particular manner is yet unknown to us. 



Without doubt the procellcs employed until 

 the eight century mufl have been exceedingly 

 rude and fimplc. From that date, however, 

 all the writings (peak frequently of metals. The 

 ftatute published by Charles the Great about the 

 year 800, mentions " argcntum de noftro labo- 

 44 ratu, fcrrarias, et fcobcs." The chart of di- 

 vifion alfo of Lewis the Pious, in 817, fpeaks of 

 metals. Ofrcdus, a monk of Weifenbcrg re- 

 lates, that in his country, filver, copper, and 

 H iron, 



