498 



URINE. 



[CHAP, xxxiv. 



this deposit, and spermatozoa are occasionally met with. In disease, the 

 deposit may consist of pus, or blood corpuscules, and fibrinous moulds of the 



Fig. 243. 



Casts of the uriniferous tubes, a. Casts with epithelium, at a; a free cell of epithelium. 6. Very 

 large cast containing epithelium, c. Small granular casts, d. Small waxy cast. e. Casts containing 

 fat cells and free oil, at x cell filled with fat globules, f. Pus globules, at x one acted upon by acetic 

 acid. 



uriniferous tubes,* entangling cells of renal epithelium, which may contain 



Fig. 244. 



many oil globules, and crystals of 

 oxalate of lime, pus, or blood glo- 

 bules, are sometimes found. In such 

 cases, the urine will also contain 

 albumen. Among the deposits 

 most frequently observed, may be 

 mentioned the amorphous deposit 

 of lithate of soda, crystals of lithic 

 acid, of oxalate of lime, of triple 

 or ammoniaco-magnesian phos- 



a. Crystals of triple phosphate, c. Stellate variety, phate, and Occasionally crystals of 

 b. Granules of phosphate of lime. d. Crystals of Cystine. cystine. 



Composition of healthy Urine. The urine is a highly complex fluid, and 

 contains substances having very different properties. Its constituents are 

 composed partly of organic, and partly of inorganic compounds which are held 

 in solution in the aqueous portion of the secretion. A small quantity of car- 

 bonic acid gas is likewise often found held in solution. The chief organic 

 constituents of healthy urine are the following : urea, .uric or lithic acid, and 

 certain extractive matters, with small quantities of creatine, creatinine, hip- 

 puric and lactic acids, and ammoniacal salts. The inorganic constituents 

 consist of certain salts which enter into the composition of the food, but 



* Diseases of the Kidney, by George Johnson, M.D. 



