332 RESEARCHES ON CORTICAL LOCALISATION AND 



The views of Monakow may thus be regarded as affording 

 a plausible explanation of the contrary and negative evidence, 

 with regard to the localisation of the speech-centre, which has 

 been published ever since the time of Charcot. 



The articles of Pierre Marie, the first of which was published 

 some months earlier than the paper of Monakow, treat the subject 

 of aphasia in a more radical manner. 



Marie, as the result of a study of the subject during a period 

 of ten years at the hospital at Bicetre, has expressed the opinion 

 that the whole of the accepted doctrines regarding aphasia require 

 reconsideration. 



He distinguishes in the orthodox manner between " motor 

 aphasia " or the aphasia of Broca, " sensory aphasia " or the 

 aphasia of Wernicke, and " anarthria " or the subcortical motor 

 aphasia of Dejerine. 



In the first of these conditions the patient is usually described 

 as being unable to speak, although he understands what is said 

 to him, and as a rule retains his intellectual powers unimpaired. 

 In the second the patient is regarded as being able to speak in a 

 more or less intelligible manner, but to have more or less marked 

 impairment of intelligence. In the third, the only disability which 

 exists is loss or affection of the power of articulate speech. 



In order to explain the views of Marie it is unnecessary to 

 consider in detail the various more or less complicated types of 

 symptomatology, which occur in cases of aphasia, and which are 

 readily classed under one or other of the aphasias of Broca and of 

 Wernicke. For such a description the reader is referred to the 

 various classical publications. 



As the result of his investigations Marie considers that only 

 one form of true aphasia exists, namely, that of Wernicke, and 

 that the so-called " aphasia of Broca " is the " aphasia of Wer- 

 nicke " + " anarthria." He considers that Broca's gyrus is not 

 concerned with the function of speech, that the " area of Wernicke," 

 namely, the supra -marginal and angular gyri, and the hinder 

 portions of the first and second temporo-sphenoidal gyri, is the 

 site of the lesion which causes true aphasia, and that a lesion of 

 the lenticular zone is the cause of anarthria. 



Marie thus limits the lesion of aphasia to the region of the 

 cerebrum which has till of late been regarded as the seat of the 

 visual and auditory word-centres. 



