ON THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM 347 



Mills and Weisenburg have published a paper in which, after col- 

 luting the clinical evidence in favour of the localisation of the higher 

 psychic functions in the prefrontal lobe, they describe an interesting 

 case of left prefrontal tumour. The patient, a physician, was affected 

 with regard to his higher psychic functions, his judgment and powers 

 of comparison, his grasp of work, his disposition, &c. 



Shepherd Ivory Franz has published a series of observations on 

 the effect of experimental lesions of the frontal lobes in monkeys and 

 cats. He finds that when these lobes are destroyed recently formed 

 habits are lost ; and he indicates his reasons for concluding that the 

 results are not due to shock. Unilateral lesions are followed merely 

 by a slowing of motor impulses. He concludes that the frontal lobes 

 appear to be concerned in the performance of normal and daily associa- 

 tional processes, and that by means of them we are able to learn and 

 to form habits. 



Mills and Weisenburg have recently produced clinical and patho- 

 logical evidence indicating that the cortical areas for the representa- 

 tion of movements, of sensibility, and of stereognosis are distinct from 

 one another and are each divided into several sub-areas. 



Oskar Vogt has published an interesting article on the functional 

 significance of the pre- and post-central gyri. He confirms from the 

 experimental aspect the researches of Sherrington and Griinbaum with 

 regard to the pre-Rolandic position of the excitable motor areas. He 

 shows that the anterior limits of the excitable limb areas correspond 

 accurately to those of Brodmann's pre-central type (No. 4) ; and that 

 the centres for movements of the head and eyes and for mastication 

 correspond with the still more anterior histologically differentiated 

 area of Brodmann (No. 6). In certain of the lower apes he has found 

 that the excitable region does not extend as far back as the fissure 

 of Rolando, and that the motor type of cortex in these has the same 

 posterior limits. Further, by a study of the 'effects of destructive 

 lesions in eleven lower apes, he concludes that palsy without ataxy 

 follows destruction of the pre-central gyms, and that considerable 

 ataxy but no palsy results from destruction of the post-central 

 gyms. . 



Eugen Wehrli, in a paper dealing with lesions of the occipital 

 region, denies that these afford proof of the exact cortical localisation 

 of the visual area ; and he is not disposed to regard local differences, 

 of histological structure as evidence in favour of the localisation of 

 the visual area in a special region of the cortex. This paper well 

 illustrates the critical attitude still held by many writers with regard 

 to the recent researches on cortical localisation, and indicates that 



