^Appendix. 



put into cavities behind, the original stones being in some places 

 put back, in others smaller stones and mud being used. O.ie of 

 the Peruvians with us ventured the opinion that it was done by 

 the original builders, to frighten their enemies when they should 

 try to tear down the walls, and should find them filled with 

 human bodies. This second fortress probably had much such 

 an entrance as the first, but the wall had fallen where it had 

 stood; and we -climbed up over the fallen stones, to the top. 

 Here we found again numbers of foundations of round houses, 

 and low walls filled with niches containing human remains. 

 There was no wall here on the north side, for some distance, 

 there being a perpendicular cliff that defended this side. We 

 followed along this until we came to the north wall, which was 

 broken down where we reached it, and descending here we 

 followed around to the gateway again, where we had left our 

 horses. Mr. Wurtherman estimated that it must have taken 

 twenty thousand men at least twenty years to build this fortress ; 

 but with the rude means they must have had for cutting stone 

 and transporting earth, it probably took much longer. 



The next morning we visited another side of the same 

 mountain, where there were other walls and ruins. After an 

 hour's ride we found ourselves at the foot of the mountain. For 

 three or four hundred feet it rose as steep as is possible to climb, 

 but having a few rocks and bushes to which we could cling; and 

 then there was a perpendicular cliff of several hundred feet, and 

 on projecting ledges of this were two walls of cut stone, one 

 quadrangular, and the other crescent-shaped. They were eight 

 or ten feet in height, and had openings at regular intervals, that 

 looked very much like loop-holes. After a hard scramble we 

 reached the base of the cliff, and found ourselves some sixty or 

 eighty feet below the walls, and no apparent way of reaching 

 them. We followed the base of the cliff for quite a distance, 

 finding caves filled with human remains ; and finally, by climbing 

 a small tree that grew against the side of the cliff, reached a 

 narrow ledge that led up toward the walls. This was so narrow 

 that in some places we had to creep around projecting points of 

 the rock, but we finally reached the foot of the lower and 

 quadrangular wall. It was made of cut limestone slabs, like 



