Appendix. 16 g 



materially beyond the point where the French Academy left it. 

 In some minor particulars, his work has been of great service. 

 His experiments have been analysed very carefully, and in many 

 cases repeated by Frankland, 1 Burdon Sanderson, 2 Sedgwick, 

 Lionel Beale, Roberts, 3 Lankester, 4 Tyndall, 5 Huxley 6 and others, 

 and numerous sources of error of pointed out. Some of these au- 

 thorities are believers in the possibility of spontaneous generation 

 and later, on p. 170, I have quoted opinions from them, but no 

 one of them, so far as I am aware, admits that Dr. Bastian's ex- 

 periments are conclusive, or that spontaneous generation has ever 

 yet been demonstrated. Some of them, too, have been very 

 wrongly quoted by Dr. B. and other heterogenists as supporting 

 their views. On the other hand there are still some who openly 

 avow their belief in the doctrine, and I may mention here a few 

 names that occur to me at this writing of men eminent for their 

 scientific attainments Mr. Wallace, 7 Prof. Huizinger, 8 of the 

 University of Groningen, Prof. Cantoni and others, of the Uni- 

 versity of Pavia, and Ernst. Haeckel. 9 The latter, however, is a 



(1) Nature, Vol. Ill, p. 225. 



(2) Ibidem, Vol. IV, p. 377, and Vol. VIII, pp. 141, 181. 



(3) Mr. Roberts was forced, by his own experiments, apparently very un- 

 willingly, to believe in the possibility of spontaneous generation. Prof. Tyn- 

 dall, in his recent paper before the Royal Society, (p. 174), has pointed out a 

 minute error of detail which vitiated the results and led Mr. Roberts to his 

 conclusions. For his experiments see Philosphical Transactions Vol. CLXIV., 

 1874. 



(4) Nature, January 30, 1873, page 242, and Oct. 16, 1873, p. 505. 

 Lankester and Podes original experiments are reported in detail in Pro- 

 ceedings Royal Soc., Vol. XXI., 1873. 



(5) Medical Times and Gazette, Oct., 1870, page 406, and The Lancet, February 

 12, 1876, p. 262. 



(6) Nature, Vol. II., p. 473. 



(7) An elaborate review of Dr. Bastian's larger work was published by 

 Mr. Wallace, in Nature, Aug. 8 and 15, 1872. 



(8) Pfluger's Archiv, Vol. VII., p. 549. An advance summary by himself of 

 the experiments detailed in this paper may be found in Nature, March 20, 

 1873, p. 380. See also comments on the same by J. Burdon Sanderson. Ibidem, 

 Oct. 2, 1873, p. 478, and Med. Times and Gazette, Sept. 27, 1873, p. 364. Sanderson 

 interprets these experiments differently from Dr. Bastian and Huizinger 

 himself. 



(9) Prof. E. Ray Lankester has published a lengthy abstract of Haeckel's 

 opinions in Nature, March 2, 1871, p. 355. 



