90 Presidential Address 



went, though it must necessarily be 

 incomplete. 



And note that what we observe, in 

 such understood cases, is an Interaction 

 of Mind and Matter; not Parallelism nor 

 Epiphenomenalism nor anything strained 

 or difficult, but a straightforward utilisa- 

 tion of the properties of matter and energy 

 for purposes conceived in the mind, and 

 executed by muscles guided by acts of will. 



But, it will be said, this is unfair, for 

 we know that there is design in the Forth 

 Bridge or the Nile Dam, we have seen the 

 plans and understand the agencies at 

 work : we know that it was conceived and 

 guided by life and mind, it is unfair to 

 quote this as though it could simulate an 

 automatic process. 



Not at all, say the extreme school of 

 biologists whom I am criticising, or ought 

 to say if they were consistent, there is 

 nothing but Chemistry and Physics at 

 work anywhere; and the mental activ- 

 ity apparently demonstrated by those 

 structures is only an illusion, an epi- 

 phenomenon; the laws of chemistry 



