46 LIMITS OF BUDDING AND GRAFTING. 



ing been kept dormant in an ice-house or cool cellar. As 

 soon as they have adhered, the stock is headed down, and 

 a good growth is made the same season. Peaches, necta- 

 rines, apricots, and the mulberry, all very difficult to propa- 

 gate by grafting, may in this way be easily increased by 

 budding. If the buds are kept in a cellar, it will be found 

 very important to preserve with them as unitorm a degree 

 of moisture as possible, and in as small a degree as will 

 keep them from wilting. 



Annular budding is applicable to trees of hard wood, or 

 thick or rigid bark, as the walnut, and mag- 

 nolia. A ring of bark is removed from the 

 stock, and another corresponding ring, con- 

 taining the bud, slit open on one side, is made 

 to fit the denuded space. Fig. 34. 



Ti ets which have been girdled in winter by 

 mice, may be preserved by a process similar 

 to annular budding, by cutting away evenly 

 Fig. 34. i^ g nawe d portions, and applying one or 

 more pieces of bark peeled from the branch of another 

 tree, so as to restore the connection between the two severed 

 portions. This is done as soon as the bark will separate 

 the same end may, however, be accomplished early in spring 

 by cutting away portions of the sap-wood with the bark, and 

 connecting the two parts by several pieces of a branch, care 

 being taken that they coincide accurately, as in grafting 

 The whole, in either case, is then covered with wax. 



LIMITS OF BUDDING AND GRAFTING. 



In former ages of the world, it was erroneously supposed 

 that grafting could be performed between every species of 

 tree and shrub. " Some apples," says Pliny, "are so red 

 that they resemble blood, which is caused by their being at 

 first grafted upon a mulberry stock." Roses, it was said, be- 

 came black when grafted on black currants, and oranges 

 crimson if worked on the pomegranate. But the operation 

 is never successful unless the graft and stock are nearly al- 

 lied, and the greater the affinity the more certain the suc- 

 cess. " Varieties of the same species unite most freely, then 

 species of the same genus, then genera of the same natural 

 order; beyond which the power does not extend. For in- 

 stance, pears work freely upon pears, very well on quinces, 



