PRUNING. 91 



cessive years, till the tree has attained its desired height. 

 The side branches will throw out shoots, which must be cut 

 back, as already described for summer pruning, so as to form 

 a handsome pyramidal tree. 



This mode of pruning is usually adopted for dwarf pear 

 trees on quince stocks, but it need not necessarily be confined 

 to these ; applied to the pear on pear stocks, and other fruit 

 trees, it will promote in a high degree its early frui; fulness. 



These rules for summer pruning, will be found of much 

 utility if applied to the operation, necessarily more common 

 in this country, of pruning hardy grapes. 



It will be distinctly observed, that these remarks do not 

 apply to standard trees, but only to those artificially trained 

 in the form of espaliers or pyramids. But it might be adopt- 

 ed to a certain extent for standards, to give them a better 

 head, and bring them into earlier bearing.* 



* The particular modes in which pruning and training are applied to various kinds 

 of fruit trees, will be found described on the pages which separately treat of those 

 fruits. 



