32 THE FRUIT GARDEN. [JAN. 



beets, spinach, lettuce, radish, celery, parsley, cabbage, cauliflower, 

 borecole, broccoli, leeks, onions, &c., especially towards the latter end 

 of the month. 



Sow peas and plant beans of various kinds, earth up such peas and 

 beans as are advanced in growth, rod and stake such of them as re- 

 quire it; plant out cabbage and cauliflower 'plants, earth up late 

 celery, and tie up endive for blanching : and, in short, do all the 

 work directed to be done in the kitchen garden for the month of 

 March, where you will find ample instructions for performing the 

 same. 



In such of the southern or western States as frosts are prevalent 

 in, at this season, the above work must be deferred till such period 

 in next month, or even in March, as it can be done in, without dan- 

 ger from frost; with the exception of planting the Windsor-bean 

 (Vioia Faba), and all the different varieties of that species, which 

 ought to be planted as soon after the middle of January as it is pos- 

 sible to get the ground in a proper state of preparation to receive 

 them : they are very hardy, are not subject to rot in the ground like 

 kidney beans, provided it be dry ; they thrive best in a heavy strong 

 soil, and are seldom very productive in the United States, if not 

 planted early. 



THE FRUIT GARDEN. 



PRUNING. 



WHERE pruning was neglected in November or December, it can 

 now be done ; though the latter end of February is a preferable time 

 in the middle States, and the beginning of March in the eastern ; 

 however, apple and pear-trees being perfectly hardy, may be pruned 

 at any time during the winter months with safety ; plums and cher- 

 ries may also be pruned any time that the weather is tolerably mild : 

 and as this month will answer extremely well in the southern States 

 for pruning almost all kinds of fruit-trees, it may be useful to give 

 at this time general instructions for performing the same, which may 

 be referred to at any other period. 



PRUNING ESPALIER AND WALL TREES. 



As some people have not a sufficient idea of what is meant by 

 espaliers, the following explanation, and instructions for forming 

 them, &c., may not be unacceptable. 



Espaliers are edges of fruit-trees, which are trained up regularly 

 to a lattice or trellis of wood work, and are commonly arranged in a 

 single row in the borders, round the boundaries of the principal divi- 

 sions of the kitchen-garden J there serving a double or treble pur- 

 pose, both profitable, useful, and ornamental. They produce large 

 fine fruit plentifully, without taking up much room, and being in a 

 close range, hedge-like, they in some degree shelter the esculent 

 crops in the quarters ; and having borders immediately under them 



