34 



THE FRUIT GARDEN. 



[JAN. 



and framed together, fixing the main posts in the ground, ten or 

 twelve feet asunder, "with smaller ones between, ranging the hori- 

 zontal railing from post to post in three or more ranges; the first 

 being placed about a foot from the bottom, a second at top, and one 

 or two along the middle space, and if thought convenient, may 

 range one between each of the intermediate spaces; then fix thin 

 slips of lath, or the like, upright to the horizontal railing, ten inches 

 or a foot asunder; and paint the whole with oil color to render it 

 more ornamental and durable; and in training the trees, tie their 

 branches both to the railing of the trellis and to the upright laths, 

 according as they extend in length on each side. 



In either of the above trellises for a common espalier, five or six 

 feet at most is a sufficient height, as, if much higher, the winds, 

 having great power, would be very apt to loosen and displace them. 



The permanent trellises ought not to be made till the second or 

 third year after planting, except the trees have had as long a time 

 of regular and judicious training; for while they are young, it will 

 be sufficient to drive a few short stakes into the ground on each side 

 of the trees in a straight line, to which the branches should be fast- 

 ened in a horizontal position as they are produced, in order to train 

 them properly for the espalier ; these will be sufficient for the two 

 or three first years, for should you make the regular espalier or 

 trellis the first year the trees are planted, many of the stakes would 

 rot before the espalier is covered. For directions respecting the 

 planting espalier and wall-trees, see March and October. 



TRAINING. 



The following representations of the modes of training convey to 

 the eye examples which it will be well to study : 



a. The herring-bone fan. b. The irregular fan. c. The stellate fan. d. The drooping 

 fan. e. The wavy fan. /. The horizontal, g. The horizontal, with screw-stem, h. The 

 horizontal, with double stem. i. The vertical, with screw shoots, k. The vertical, with 

 upright shoots. 



