JAN.] THE FRUIT GARDEN. 55 



With respect to pruning the trained trees, that is those that are 

 trained as wall trees against the trellis, &c., they are to be pruned 

 and trained every summer and autumn, each sort according to its 

 kind, as other wall trees, and as directed under all their respective 

 articles ; and as to the standards, their requisite pruning is princi- 

 pally in autumn, to cut out any irregular growth, and thinning out 

 any crowding shoots, for the branches must be kept thin and regular, 

 clear of each other, six or eight inches distant ; and any stragglers 

 which extend in length considerably, should be reduced to order ; and 

 as the branches in general become so long as to press against the 

 glasses, or spread too much, they should also be reduced a little, to 

 preserve them within due compass, observing always, when shorten- 

 ing the standards, it is necessary to cut to a bud situated on the out- 

 side of the shoot or branch, making the cut on the inside. 



Every autumn, after pruning the trees, the borders must be digged 

 carefully one spade deep. 



It must be remarked that the trees in these frames or houses, if 

 annually forced, are not so durable nor plentiful bearers as those in 

 the full air ; therefore, when you shall see any become weak, sickly, 

 or bad bearers, others should be ready in training, or procured from 

 the nurseries to plant in their stead ; and in this no time should be 

 lost. Here is the main advantage of growing in pots. 



But to continue the same trees more effectually in health, and in a 

 bearing state, some have a double portion of walling and framing 

 planted, but more particularly that of the first described fire-heat 

 frame, which is sometimes contrived to move or slide along from one 

 place to another, for one framework and glasses to serve two portions 

 of walling, so that being alternately worked, one part one year, the 

 other the year after, each portion of trees will have a year of rest in 

 their natural growth, and will succeed each other in due order for 

 forcing, whereby the health and vigor of the trees will be better sup- 

 ported, and each year a greater crop of fruit may be expected than if 

 the same trees were successively forced every year. 



HOT WALLS. 



Hot walls are ranges of brick or stone walling faced with glass, 

 generally running due east or west, fronting the south and inclosing 

 a space of several feet width, furnished with internal fire flues, &c., 

 wholly for forcing fruit-trees to early production. But as hot walls 

 and forcing-houses are nearly similar in their construction, use, and 

 general management, to forcing-frames, reference should be had to 

 that article for their general explanation. 



VINERIES. 



Various buildings have Been contrived to effect the ripening of the 

 more choice kinds of late grapes, which cannot be effected in the open 

 ground, as likewise to force the earlier sorts, so as to have them fit 

 for the table in May, June and July. The constructions of these 

 kinds of buildings are different, though all answering the same pur- 



