468 THE NURSERY. [JULY 



this month, earlier or later, according to the season or the quantity 

 to be budded ; these and others of the like nature should now be 

 attended to, as they seldom work freely after the twenty-fifth of July. 

 But this you may always easily know by trying the buds, and when 

 they readily part from the wood, and also the bark of the stock rises 

 or separates freely, then the work may be done. 



But let it be particularly remarked, that every kind of tree or 

 shrub that makes new autumn shoots, or that continues in a free 

 growth, or flow of sap, should be budded either in August or before 

 the twentieth of September, according as each kind is early or late 

 in ripening its wood, that is, to bud each sort before it becomes bark- 

 bound ; and likewise observe that all those kinds which are likely 

 to become bark-bound early in autumn ought to be budded in this 

 month, while the juice flows freely in the stocks and buds. 



If trees or shrubs are inoculated in the early part of this month, 

 whose nature it is to take a second growth in autumn, the buds will 

 then start, and the shoots produced therefrom not having a sufficient 

 length of season to ripen the wood, will either be destroyed the en- 

 suing winter, or so much injured as never to make good trees; there- 

 fore, budding ought to be performed on the respective kinds at such 

 periods as there will be no hazard of their growing before the ensu- 

 ing spring, when they will have the advantage of the whole season 

 for perfecting their wood, and of acquiring a sufficient strength and 

 texture before winter. 



Apricots, if worked on plum stocks, or on those of its own kind, 

 should be budded in this month, but if on peach or almond, August 

 will be a preferable period. 



Pears may, likewise, be inoculated late in this month, but as to 

 peaches, nectarines, almonds, and apples, if done now, the inserted 

 buds would shoot in the course of the present season, and consequently 

 be of little value. 



The stocks of cherries, plums and pears that were budded last 

 summer, or grafted in spring, and that have miscarried, may now 

 be inoculated with the same kinds of fruit, for those will succeed 

 either by grafting or budding. 



Budding generally succeeds best when performed in cloudy weather, 

 or in the morning or evening ; for the great power of the mid-day 

 sun is apt to dry and shrivel the cuttings and buds, and prevent the 

 free union that might be expected immediately to take place in a favor- 

 able season; at all events let the operation be performed on the north 

 side of the stocks, which will give the buds every possible advantage 

 of the sun. 



In performing this work it will be necessary to observe that where 

 trees are intended for walls, espaliers, or to be trained as dwarf stand- 

 ards, the buds must be. inserted low in the stocks, that is, at the 

 height of five or six inches from the ground; but if intended for tall 

 standards, the stocks may be worked at the height of three, four, 

 five, or even six feet; or, the low inserted buds may be trained up 

 on single stems to a proper height for standards, or half standards, 

 and then be headed for the production of lateral branches. 



Where there are wall or espalier trees that do not produce fruit of 



