OCT.] THE FRUIT GARDEN. 547 



and cauliflower plants; sow peas, and plant early Mazagan and 

 Windsor beans, with every other variety of the Vicia Faba. 



In North Carolina, generally, Tennessee, and the southern parts 

 of Virginia and Kentucky, you may sow peas, plant the above 

 species of bean, sow carrot, parsnep, onion, parsley, and other hardy 

 seeds ; plant out cabbages, and also cauliflower plants ; but the 

 cauliflowers, if the winter is any way severe, will require the protec- 

 tion of hand glasses, oiled-paper caps, frames, or the like, as directed 

 on page 537. 



THE FRUIT GARDEN. 



GATHERING WINTER PEARS AND APPLES. 



G-ather your winter pears and apples as they ripen ; but for par- 

 ticulars see the article Orchard for this month. 



PRUNING. 



Towards the latter end of the month, you may begin to prune 

 such trees as have completely shed their leaves, but by no means lay 

 your knife to a tree, for a general pruning, till this is the case. 



In the middle States I would not recommend the pruning of peach, 

 nectarine, almond, and apricot-trees before the latter end of Febru- 

 ary, nor in the eastern States before the first week in March ; but 

 they should not be much longer neglected. In the southern States 

 they may be pruned at any time between the periods in which they 

 shed their leaves and the latter end of January. 



Apples, pears, plums and cherries, being perfectly hardy, may be 

 pruned, in any part of the United States, immediately after they 

 drop their leaves, or in November, December, or January, &c. But 

 were it not on account of performing work when it can most con- 

 veniently be done, I would prefer early spring pruning of all kinds of 

 trees to any other, on account of the recent wounds healing and cover- 

 ing over with bark more immediately when vegetation soon follows, 

 than those anteriorly inflicted. 



For the method of pruning the various kinds of wall and espalier 

 fruit-trees, &c., see page 32, &c. 



PLANTING FRUIT-TREES. 



Towards the latter end of this month you may safely transplant 

 most sorts of fruit-trees, but particularly such kinds as shall have 

 by that time shed their leaves. This may be done to advantage 

 during the entire of next month if the season continues open, pro- 

 vided the ground in which you plant be dry and does not lodge water 

 in the winter months ; and likewise that sufficient pains be taken to 



