OCT.] THE NURSERY. 555 



the sets from one another in each row, should be about two feet and 

 a half. 



I would advise to plant the cuttings with a dibble, in preference 

 to forcing them in, as by the latter method the bark would be in- 

 jured. 



This work may be done with equal propriety, and sometimes with 

 more success in the early part of spring. Cuttings may also be 

 planted at either season in the face of moist ditches, where they will 

 succeed extremely well. 



THE NURSERY. 



TRENCHING AND DRESSING THE GROUND. 



In the beginning of this month continue to trench and prepare 

 the several quarters in which you intend to plant stocks, to graft and 

 bud the several sorts of fruit upon, and also for the various other 

 planting and sowing that may be necessary. 



Carry dung into such parts of the nursery as it is wanted, and 

 spread it upon the surface of the ground around the stems of young 

 trees ; this will contribute to the preservation of their roots from frost, 

 the rains will wash in the salts to the roots of the trees, and in spring 

 you may dig in the dung between the respective rows. 



PROPAGATING TREES AND SHRUBS BY LAYERS. 



Any time this month you may lay the various kinds of trees and 

 shrubs that you wish to propagate in that way j for the methods of 

 doing which, together with several useful observations, see page 300, 

 &c. 



Towards the latter end of the month take off such layers of 1 the 

 preceding year as are well rooted, trim their stems, and plant them in 

 nursery-rows, or elsewhere as may be necessary. 



This is the best season to lay elms, limes, maples, and most kinds 

 of hardy forest-trees and flowering shrubs ; for the moisture of the 

 ground during winter will prepare them for pushing out roots early 

 in the spring. 



PROPAGATING TREES AND SHRUBS BY CUTTINGS. 



This is a proper time to plant cuttings of all hardy trees and 

 shrubs, that will grow by that method, especially in the southern 

 States ; but it will be necessary to plant them where water does not 

 lodge in winter. Poplars, willows, plane-trees, honeysuckles, &c., 

 will grow freely in this way ; but for more particulars, see page 304. 



Cuttings of all sorts planted a year ago, or last spring, that are 

 well rooted and have shot freely at top, may, towards the latter end 



