OCT.] THE NURSERY. 557 



let that be done, if possible, when they are perfectly ripe, and in 

 their outward covers or husks, the extreme bitterness of which will 

 be a good preservative against the attacks of vermin of every kind. 



When you desire to cultivate the Juglans regia, or European 

 walnut, for its fruit, and likewise any of the other species, make 

 choice of the best varieties of nuts, such as are large, thin shelled, 

 and have the finest flavored kernels; for although the best sorts will 

 vary or degenerate, when raised from seeds, yet, by planting the 

 mbst valuable varieties, there will be the better chance of having 

 good kinds continued. 



For the method of planting, and the subsequent treatment of 

 chestnuts, walnuts, &c., see page 282. 



Note. When oaks, chestnuts, or walnuts, &c., are planted exclu- 

 sively on account of their timber, it will be the better way, when it 

 can conveniently be done, to sow or plant the acorns and nuts where 

 they are intended to remain for full and mature growth ; for trees 

 of either of these kinds seldom attain to as great magnitude after 

 having been transplanted, as if suffered to remain undisturbed where 

 the seeds were sown. 



TRANSPLANTING STOCKS, TO BUD AND GRAFT UPON. 



About the latter end of this month you may plant out into nur- 

 sery-rows all the hardy kinds of seedling stocks, to bud and graft the 

 different varieties of fruits upon. 



Let these be planted out in rows three feet asunder, and one foot 

 or more distant from one another in the rows. 



Plant also for the purpose of stocks, suckers from the roots of 

 plums, codlins, pears, quinces, &c., but seedlings are much more pre- 

 ferable if you are sufficiently supplied therewith. 



Transplant likewise from nursery beds and layer-stools all the 

 well rooted cuttings and layers that were planted or laid a year ago, 

 or in the last spring, for the purpose of raising stocks for fruit-trees ; 

 particularly quinces and codlins, to bud and graft dwarf pears and 

 apples upon, in order to form dwarf trees for walls and espaliers, 

 planting them in nursery-rows as above. 



PLANTING HARDY DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. 



All manner of hardy deciduous trees and shrubs may be planted 

 now into nursery-rows, or finally where they are to remain, imme- 

 diately after they have shed their leaves, or as soon as the general 

 foliage is turned yellow and on the decline ; but observe that plant- 

 ing at this season should always be done in ground that lies dry in 

 winter. When that is the case, the trees, shrubs, &c., will establish 

 new roots before they are overtaken by the heats of the ensuing 

 summer, and will require but very little trouble in watering. 



PRUNING. 



In the latter part of this month you may begin to prune and re- 



