NOV.] THE NURSERY. 581 



WINTER DRESSING OF VINES. 



You should now plough between the rows of vines in your vine- 

 yard where practicable, having first tied up all the trailing runners 

 to the stakes ; observing to lay up the earth as much as possible to 

 the stems of the vines : to effect this the better, the ground must be 

 cross-ploughed. The one and two year old plants will particularly 

 require this earthing ; and after the ploughing is finished, the earth 

 should be drawn up around them with a hoe, the better to preserve 

 the lower parts of the stems with the buds from alternate freezing 

 and thawing, which is much more injurious to them than a continued 

 frost. In this state they are to remain till the proper time for 

 pruning in spring, when the earth is to be drawn from around them, 

 and the plants dressed as directed on page 156. 



"When the ground does not admit of this culture with the plough, 

 it should be given with the spade and hoe, as it is of considerable 

 importance, not only to protect the plants, but to destroy weeds, and 

 ameliorate the soil, by throwing it up loosely to the influence of the 

 frost and weather. A dressing of manure, where wanted, should be 

 given previous to the ploughing, &c. 



This is a very proper period to manure, trench, or plough the 

 ground which you intend to plant with grape-vines next spring, as 

 observed on page 253, leaving it as rough and high as possible. 



In the southern States, vineyards may now be planted, vines 

 pruned and propagated by layers and cuttings, and everything also 

 done in that way, as directed in March for the middle and eastern 

 States. 



THE NURSERY. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



All the principal nursery transplanting should be finished as early 

 in this month as possible, in order that the plants may have time 

 to push out new fibres before the frosts set in ; for when planted at 

 a late period, they seldom put out fibres before spring, and have to 

 live principally on their own substance during winter, which greatly 

 weakens them. However, where that cannot be conveniently done, 

 and that necessity requires it, you may continue to transplant all 

 kinds of hardy trees and shrubs while the ground continues open. 



PROTECTING SEEDLINGS AND TENDER PLANTS. 



In the early part of the month you should sift some dry, fresh 

 earth over the seedling pines, arising from the seed sown last spring, 

 so as to nearly reach the foliage, in order to protect their yet tender 

 stems from the inclemency of the approaching season ; and imme- 



