FRUIT-GARDENING. 43 



drying winds, the young fibres of the roots must perish, and 

 the trees, if they live at all, cannot thrive the first season, as 

 they can receive little or no nourishment until these fibres are 

 replaced. 



When trees are carried from the nursery to the orchard, if 

 they are out of the ground in the wind and sunshine half an 

 hour, the roots should be protected. Otherwise, all the small 

 ones will lose their vitality. When trees or vines are carried 

 only a few miles, and are out of the ground only one hour, the 

 roots should be dipped in thin mud or clay to protect them 

 from drying winds. 



The accompanying illustration is a fair representation of the 

 roots of a fruit-tree before the roots have been disturbed. 

 When trees are dug up in the usual manner, the roots are all 

 cut off, as represented by the dotted lines b 6, which is suffi- 

 cient to destroy the vitality of any tree. It is highly import- 

 ant to dig up the entire roots, if possible, when trees are 

 removed. 



The accompanying illustrations of trees represent the 

 appearance of trees before and after the tops have been pruned, 

 at the time of transplanting. It is always better to remove a 



