92 FRUIT-GARDENING. 



row, and five or six feet apart in the rows ; or in small gardens, 

 they may be trained to a single tall stem, and tied to a stake. 

 This, though six or eight feet high, occasions scarcely any 

 shade, and it does not occupy much room, nor exclude air, 

 while, at the same time, the stem becomes closely hung with 

 berries, and makes a pleasant appearance in that state. Per- 

 sons of taste may train them on arched trellises, and if they 

 are judiciously managed, the ground around them may be 

 more easily cultivated; the fruit may be kept from being 

 splashed with rain, and may be easily gathered when wanted, 

 or preserved by shading with mats. Those who may have a 

 choice of soil and site, should fix on a good, rich, loamy earth, 

 and plant some of the choice kinds in a northern and eastern 

 aspect, near the fence, to come late in succession. 



The Gooseberry may be forced in pots or boxes, placed in 

 pits, or in the peach-house or vinery. Unripe Gooseberries 

 may be preserved in bottles against winter ; some, after filling 

 the bottles in a dry state, stand them in a slow oven, or in hot 

 water, so as to heat them gradually through without cracking 

 them ; they will keep a whole year if closely corked and sealed 

 as soon as cold. 



GOOSEBERRY SAW-FLY. 



This insect has taken almost entire possession of our Goose- 

 berry and Currant bushes ; and of its close resemblance to the 

 Gooseberry Saw-Fly of Europe, there can be no doubt. It first 

 attacks the gooseberry ; but when these leaves become scarce 

 those of the currant are greedily devoured. 



When the flies emerge from their winter quarters in the 

 ground the latter part of April or early in May, the female 

 begins to deposit her eggs on the under side of the newly 

 expanded leaves, choosing the sides of the veins or nervures as 

 a fitting place. With the saw-like appendage for which the 

 family is remarkable, the female commences cutting into the 

 leaves, and in the opening deposits her egg. The larva is 

 hatched in about a week, and commences feeding on the leafj 



