190 FRUIT-GARDENING. 



When planted in an orchard, the trees may be placed ten or 

 twelve feet apart. The time of planting, the mode of bearing, 

 and all the other particulars of culture, are the same as for the 

 Apple and Pear. The chief pruning they require, is to keep 

 them free from suckers, and cut out decayed wood. The 

 ground should be kept free from grass and weeds ; and if the 

 soil be poor, swine manure, chip dirt, or any other kinds of 

 rich manure should be forked into the ground around the trees. 

 If the soil be heavy, containing a large proportion of clay, let 

 a load of sand or fine gravel be spread around each tree, or 

 mingled with the earth before the trees are transplanted. 



RASPBERRY. FRAMBOISIER. Rubus. 



There are several species of the Rubus found wild in various 

 parts of Asia, Europe, and America, some of which have up- 

 right stems, others prostrate. The American Stone Bramble, 

 and also the common Blackberry, Dewberry, and Cloudberry, 

 are of this family. The Rubus idceus, or common Raspberry, 

 grows spontaneously in the province of New Brunswick, and 

 in various parts of the United States, but most of the cultivated 

 varieties are supposed to have originated in England. Loudon 

 describes the true Raspberry as having " steins which are 

 suffruticpse, upright, rising to the height of several feet, and 

 are biennial in duration ; but the root is perennial, producing 

 suckers which ripen and drop their leaves one year, and resume 

 their foliage, produce blossom shoots, flower, and fruit, and die 

 the next. The leaves are quinate-pinnate ; the flowers come 

 in panicles from the extremity of the present year's shoots; 

 they are white, appear in May and June, and the fruit forms 

 about a fortnight afterwards." 



The fruit is grateful to most palates, as nature presents it, 

 but sugar improves the flavor ; accordingly it is much esteemed 

 when made into sweetmeats, and for jams, tarts, and sauces. 



