III. THE AMERICAN GARDENER. 85 



roller, work on the pins, so as to let the bar up and 

 down, as occasion may require ; and, of course, 

 while the roller is turning, ai the end, the bar, with 

 the teeth in it, is raised from the ground. 



104. Thus are ten drills made by an ox, in about 

 five minutes, which would perhaps require a man 

 more than a day to make with a hoe. In short, an 

 ox, or a horse, and a man and a boy, will do twelve 

 acres in a day with ease. And to draw the drills 

 u'ith a hoe would require forty-eight men at the 

 least ; for, there is the line to be at work as well as 

 the hoe. Wheat and even Peas are, in the fields, 

 drilled by machines ; but beans cannot, and espe- 

 cially kidney beans. Drills must be made ; and, 

 where they are cultivated on a large scale, how te- 

 dious and expensive must be the operation to make 

 the drills by line and hoe! When the drills are 

 made, the beans are laid in at proper distances, then 

 covered with a light harrow (frame of White-Oak 

 and tines of Locust,) and after all comes the roller, 

 with the teeth lifted up of course ; and all is smooth 

 and neat. The expense of such an apparatus is 

 really nothing. The barrel of the roller, and the 

 teeth bar, ought to be of Locust, which never pe- 

 rishes, and the shafts and frame of White-Oak, 

 which, even without paint, will last a lifetime. 



165. In order to render the march of the ox 

 straight, my ground was ploughed into lands, one 

 of which took the ten rows of kidney-rbeans ; so 

 that the ox had only to be kept straight along upon 

 the middle of the land. And, in order to have the 

 lands flat, not arched at all, the ground was plough- 

 ed twice in this shape, which brought the middle of 

 the lands where the furrows were before. If, how- 

 ever, the ground had been flat-ploughed, without 

 any furrow, there would have been no difficulty. I 

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