JAN.] THE FRUIT GARDEN. 37 



if a wider compartment, have wall-trees behind, trained to the 

 height of the wail, and others trained in lower growth, in the internal 

 sT>ace forward, either csftalier-ivays, or as small dwarf-standards, or 

 sometimes as horizontal dwarfs. 



But it should be observed, that when of wide dimensions either 

 to admit of a bark-pit, or having the whole internal bottom space 

 of earth, with trees against the wall, and others planted forward be- 

 tween these and the glasses, may properly be considered as forcing 

 houses. 



And hot-walls may be considered principally such as have nar- 

 rower inclosures of glass, four to five or six feet width, containing 

 only one range of trees, trained towards the wall upon trellis- 

 work, if a range of flues immediately next the wall ; but if all the 

 flues are ranged forward, the trees can be trained close to the wall. 



But as the hot-walls and forcing-houses are nearly similar, in 

 their construction, use, and general management, to forcing-frames 

 explained under that head, shall refer to the said article for the 

 general explanation. 



Vineries. 



Various buildings have been contrived, to effect the ripening of 

 the more choice kinds of late grapes, which cannot be effected in 

 the open ground, as likewise to force the earlier sorts, so as to have 

 them fit for the table in May, June, and July. The constructions 

 of these kinds of buildings are different, though all answering 

 the same purpose : some are constructed with flues ranging within 

 the wall where the vines are trained up ; but as the vines would 

 receive more heat at times by being closer to the wall than is pro- 

 per, a lattice work is generally detached therefrom, to which the 

 branches are trained, and the whole is covered with a range of 

 sloping glass ; but, the mare common method is, to train them 

 under the sloping glasses of the hot-house, or other similarly con- 

 structed stoves, or forcing-frames ; in such places the vines are 

 generally planted close to the outside, and introduced through 

 holes contrived for the purpose in the upright timbers of the front- 

 lights, as low down as can conveniently be done. 



In some vineries the vines are planted near the front, in the 

 inside, and trained up to neat trellis's made for that purpose close 

 under the roof or sloping glasses. 



SOUTHERN STATES. 



In the southern states, especially such of them as have not se- 

 vere winter frosts, you may plant apple, pear, peach, nectarine, apricot, 

 cherry, and plum trees, both for espaliers and standards : plant also 

 almonds, quinces, gooseberries, currants, raspberries, and every 

 other kind of hardy fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, which are usual- 

 ly planted either in the fruit-garden or orchard. 



You may also prune each and every of the above kinds, according 

 to the directions given in this month) March, and October ; and in 



