FEB.] THE VINEYARD. 141 



tally, one to each side, within a foot or a little better, of the ground, 

 and continue them in that direction from year to year, to whatever 

 extent you may think desirable. 



The first year these must be deprived only, of the decayed wood 

 on the extremities, and of any secondary shoots proceeding from 

 the axillas of the leaves, unless they have run to the desired extent : 

 the second year they will produce shoots form the joints, which are 

 to be trained either upright, serpentine from, or fan fashion, accord- 

 ing to fancy, at the distance of about eight inches from each other : 

 the third year, head each of these down to one good bud, and train 

 them up as before directed ; the fourth, and every succeeding year, 

 make choice of the strongest shoots, say every third one, and head them 

 down to from ten to twenty buds each, more or less, according to the 

 strength of the mother plant, goodness of the ground, and roundness of 

 the wood, but ne\er leave wood that is not round, for such seldom 

 bears fruit. The othe* shoots are to be headed down to one or two 

 good buds each, which are to produce young wood for the next 

 years bearing, as those left to bear this season must be cut down 

 next, in order to produce a succession of young wood ; and so con- 

 tinue in their management from year to year. 



When you meet with old vines, which have been neglected, and 

 having a great quantity of naked wood, as is generally the case, cut 

 them down near to the ground, and they will not fail to produce you 

 plenty of young wood, which you can train to your liking, but you 

 will have no fruit for that year. Or you may cut out every other 

 branch, leaving the old ones to produce fruit that season ; but these 

 must be cut down the next year, in order to produce young wocd, 

 and a well furnished tree. 



When arbours are to be formed, of grape-vines, the shcde being 

 as much an object as the fruit, you are to train them so as to cover 

 the place handsomely, and at the same time to produce as much and 

 as good fruit as possible, by not permitting the leading branches, or 

 shoots, to croud together, but to spread evenly and thin over the 

 whole place : this must be done by judicious pruning and careful 

 training, always bearing in mind the preceding general directions. 



For the methods of propagating and planting grape-vines, and 

 the various kinds thereof, see the Vineyard in March. 



SOUTHERN STATES. 



This will be a principal time for propagating vines, by cuttings, 

 layers, 8cc. and planting vineyards in most of the southern states j 

 for the methods of doing; which, see the Vineyard in March. 



