282 THE NURSERY. [MARCH. 



some, in six cr seven months, if laid in spring ; by the far greater 

 number in one year, and by others, not in less than two or three. 



Tonguing, or twisting the layers, &c. is necessary for such kinds 

 as do riot sirike freely ; but not for those that do. 



All kinds of seedlings, should be transplanted in spring, the deci- 

 duous earlier than the evergreens. 



October or November, is the best time for the Jinal transplanting 

 of all kinds of hardy deciduous trees, if the ground in which they 

 are to be planted is dry, and not subject to become too wet in win- 

 ter ; but early spring planting does best, in moist soils. 



Evergreens of every kind succeed best when planted in spring, 

 provided it be done to each respective kind, immediately before its 

 vegetation commences. 



Watering is very useful when given in small quantities, and fre- 

 quently ; but the reverse, when in large quantities, and but sel- 

 dom. 



Every kind of tree, whether deciduous or evergreen, grows to a 

 larger size when finally planted out at the age of four years, having 

 remained one or two in the seed-bed, and two or three in the nur- 

 sery-rows, than at any other subsequent period. 



Walnuts, oaks, and every other tree, that has a tendency to drive 

 down perpendicular or tap-roots, always grow to larger timber, 

 when the seeds are sown, where intended to remain, and never* 

 transplanted. 



Propagation of Trees and Shrtibs by Cuttings, 



Various trees and shrubs may be propagated by cuttings, and this 

 month, especially in the middle states, is a good time for planting 

 all the hardy deciduous and evergreen kinds, that grow in that way ; 

 observing to plant the former in the early part of the month, and 

 the latter towards the end of it. 



When you intend to propagate trees for timber, or for a tall 

 stately growth, be very particular never to take the cuttings from 

 horizontal branches, for they will ever have an inclination to grow 

 in a spreading manner ; always make choice of perpendicular 

 shoots, and particularly, those that terminate the branches; these 

 will most certainly produce the straightest and handsomest trees, 

 and be little inferior to those raised from seed ; of this I have had 

 ample experience, and found it uniformly to be the case. 



But when you intend the plants for hedges, wildernesses, or 

 thickets, the same precaution is not necessary ; though in propa- 

 gating any kinds of erect growing shrubs for detached plants in 

 the pleasure garden, I would recommend it, as they will be less 

 subject to spread, and injure other herbaceous flowering plants 

 growing near them. 



Large shoots cut into lengths, are often used, and will do tolera- 

 bly well, provided they are selected as above ; but I would ever pre- 

 fer what gardeners term cock-shoots, or those retaining the termi- 

 nating buds. The soft and pithy sorts, will succeed better, with 

 having an inch or two of the former year's wood annexed to the 



