424 THE KITCHEN-GARDEN. [JULY, 



into four teet wide beds, with alleys between, of three feet ; dig the 

 beds a spade deep, throwing the earth upon these alleys ; when 

 done, lay four or five inches of good, well rotted hot-bed or other 

 dung, all over the bottom of the beds, dig and incorporate it with 

 the loose earth remaining, and cover the whole with an inch, or an 

 inch and a half, of the earth from the alleys ; plant four rows in 

 each bed at equal distances, and eight inches apart in the rows ; 

 after which, give them a plentiful watering, and stick down small 

 branches of cedar, or of any kind of evergreen shrubs between the 

 rows, to shade them from the sun till well rooted, when the branches 

 are to be taken away. The plants must be kept free from weeds, 

 till grown of a sufficient size for earthing, which is done with the as- 

 sistance of boards, by laying them along the rows, to support the 

 leaves while you are putting in the earth from the alleys, and re- 

 moving them as you progress in the business. For the method 

 of preserving the plants in winter, see the Kitchen-Garden in No- 

 vember. 



Land or earth up your early crops of celery, first breaking the 

 earth fine with the spade, and then laying it up neatly, to both sides, 

 always, preserving the tops and hearts of the plants free, that they 

 may continue in growth without any interruption ; repeat this earth- 

 ing, at intervals, of eight or ten days, till the plants are sufficiently 

 blanched and of proper size for use. Sow a little more seed in the 

 first week of the month, to answer for a late crop, if such should be 

 wanted. 



Turneps. 



Any time between the twentieth of this month and the middle of 

 August, a principal crop of turneps may be sown for autumn and 

 \vinter use ; but the earlier they are sown in that period, the larger 

 size will the roots attain to. It would be of much importance to take 

 advantage of moist weather for this purpose, should such happen 

 in due season. 



As the cultivation of turneps upon an extensive scale, as well for 

 the feeding of cattle during the winter months, as for culinary pur- 

 poses, may and ought to become an interesting object, to the citi- 

 zens of the United States, I deem it the more necessary to give 

 some information respecting the field culture of that very valuable 

 root. 



The turnep delights in a light, sandy loam ; if a little moist the 

 better, especially in warm climates. Upon new or fresh ground 

 they are always sweeter, than on an old or worn out soil. Though 

 Biich is the kind of land best adapted to the raising of turneps, yet 

 they are cultivated upon every sort of soil in use as arable land. 



Much of the sandy soil now laying waste in various parts of the 

 Union, might, with the assistance of culture, and a small portion of 

 manure, be profitably employed in producing turneps ; for such 

 ground, if dressed with a light coat of clay or loam, would yield 

 excellent crops of this vegetable. 



The ground intended for the production of turneps in the en- 

 suing season, ought to be deeply ploughed, in October, or Novein- 



