JULY.] THE KITCHEN-GARDEN. 425 



her, and to be left in that rough state, to receive the benefits of the 

 winter frosts, cc. In the April following, when it is perfectly dry, 

 harrow it and let it lie so till the middle of May, when it should 

 have another deep ploughing across, or contrarywise to the form- 

 er ; the first week in June harrow it, and towards the end of that 

 month, give the field a light coat of well rotted manure, and im- 

 mediately plough it in lightly ; after which the soil and manure are 

 to be well incorporated, by harrowing the ground effectually with a 

 weighty harrow. 



Ah ! says the farmer, this will never do, the crop will not be 

 worth the expence... .First, make one fair experiment, and I am con- 

 fident you will not give up the pursuit : you ought to take into con- 

 sideration, that after the turneps are off the ground, it will be in a 

 high state of preparation for several successive crops, of various 

 kinds, and that without this, or similar tillage, it may remain dur- 

 ing your life in an unproductive state. 



There are four principal varieties of the turnep, which are culti- 

 vated in the field way, 1. The white Norfolk. 2. The large pur- 

 ple topped. 3. The large green, and 4, the pudding, or tankard- 

 shaped turnep. The last is in shape so perfectly different from 

 the other sorts, that it might be ranked as a distinct species. In- 

 stead of spreading itself flat upon the ground, or burying itself 

 partially in the surface mould, it rises in a cylindrical form, eight, 

 ten, or twelve inches high ; standing almost wholly out of ground. 

 In either contexture or quality, it resembles very much the large 

 white Norfolk turnep ; of which, it is by much the most formidable 

 rival. Indeed for early sowing to be eaten off in autumn, this 

 long rooted kind seems to gain a preference, as being earlier and 

 more tender than any of the other sorts, but it will not keep as well 

 in winter. 



The time of sowing depends much on the application ; when 

 turneps are intended for early consumption, they may be sown soon 

 after the middle of this month ; the general mode, in the middle 

 states, is, to begin to sow about the twentieth of July, and to 

 continue sowing, as convenient, from this time to the middle of 

 August, or a few days after. 



If a farmer could insure his first crop, I would not advise him to 

 sow till the last four days in this month, or even to the third or fourth 

 day of August, but liable as the turnep crop is, to numerous ac- 

 cidents and miscarriages, it is, prudent to have a week or two in re- 

 serve for a second sowing, in case the first should fail. 



The quantity of seed sown on an acre, by the great turnep far- 

 mers, is never less than one pound ; more frequently a pound and a 

 half, and by some two. If every grain was to come to perfection a 

 quarter of a pound would be more than sufficient, but having to 

 cnco' inter so many accidents, a pound is the least quantity that 

 ought to be sown on an acre. 



The period in which you intend to sow, being arrived, plough your 

 prepared turnep ground once more, lightly ; give it one or two 

 strokes of the harrow all over, and sow the seed immediately on 

 the fresh surface. The method of sowing is generally, by broad- 



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