434 THE NURSERY. 



formed on the north side of the stocks, which will give the buds 

 every possible advantage of the sun. 



In performing this work, it will be necessary to observe, that 

 where trees are intended for walls, or espaliers, the buds must be 

 inserted low in the stocks ; that is, at the height of five or six inches 

 from the ground : but if intended for standards, the stocks may be 

 worked at the height of three, four, five, or even six feet ; or, the 

 low inserted buds, may be trained up on single stems, to a proper 

 height for standards, or half standards, and then be headed for the 

 production of lateral branches. 



Where there are wall or espalier trees, that do not produce fruit 

 of approved kinds, such may be budded with any favourite sorts ; 

 this may be performed, either upon strong shoots of the present 

 year, or on clean young branches of two year's growth, or more ; 

 several buds may be inserted in each tree in different parts, by 

 which means they will be furnished with a sufficiency of new wood, 

 of the desired kinds, and in two or three years, they will bear abun- 

 dantly. 



Should it be found necessary to immerse the cuttings from which 

 you take your buds in water, place therein only about an inch of 

 their lower ends ; the upper parts will be more congenially refresh- 

 ed by that means, than if the cutiings were entirely covered ; and 

 moreover, the buds which are soaked for any considerable^time in 

 water, will be so saturateo! with moisture, as to prevent their im- 

 bibing the more congenial sap of the stocks, so that they often 

 miscarry. For the proper stocks to work the various kinds upon, 

 see page 242, &c. 



When the stocks are from about half an inch, or a little less, to 

 an inch or more in diameter^ in the places where the buds are to 

 be inserted, they are then of a proper size for working. 



In order to perform the operation, you must be provided with a 

 neat sharp budding-knife, having a flat thin haft to open the bark of 

 the stock for the adimission of the bud, and likewise, with a quan- 

 tity of new bass-strings, which is certainly the best of all bandages, 

 or if such cannot be obtained, some soft woolen yarn to tie round 

 it when inserted. 



Observe that the head of the stock is not to be cutoff, as in graft- 

 ing ; that the bud is to be inserted into the side, and the head 

 suffered to remain until the spring following, when it is to be cut 

 off above the bud, as directed in page 251. 



Methods of Budding^ or Inoculating. 



\ . Having your cuttings, knife and bandages ready, fix upon a 

 part on the side of the stock, at whatever height you intend 

 to bud it ; with your knife, make a horizontal cut across the bark 

 of the stock quite through to the firm wood ; then from the middle 

 of this cut, make a slit downwards perpendicularly, about an inch 

 and a half long, going, also, quite through to the wood, so that th-c 

 two cuts together may be in the form of the letter T ; then with the 

 point of your knife raise the bark a little at the angles formed by 



