PRUNING AND TRAINING. 121 



horizontal shoots elongate, the Fig. 19. 



vines which are right and left 

 of them may be taken out. 



We may also make an ex- 

 ception in favor of the last 

 mentioned, with regard to vine- 

 yard culture, for it is the best ^Jfe 

 of all others for the purpose, 



on account of the facility with which the canes can be tied 

 to the supports, and the permanently less quantity of 

 plants that it is necessary to congregate on a given space. 

 And here we have evidence to prove the above mentioned 

 assertions respecting the shortening of vitality; for a 

 plantation trained on the single cane short-cut plan, and 

 every season subjected to this severe lopping, requires 

 occasional renewing. So much is this the case in some 

 parts of Europe, that a fresh plantation of vines has to be 

 made every three or four years. Now, as this can be pre- 

 vented with so little expense or trouble, and there is a 

 more than counterbalancing advantage arising from the 

 system, it is well, in this particular instance, to follow 

 what best answers the purpose in view. 



The renewal method is adopted by some, which is as 

 follows : The one year old cane is cut back to about half 

 the length of the rafter, and allowed to bear the next 

 season ; while fruiting, the top growth is conducted per- 

 pendicularly, and at the proper time is pruned off at the 

 top of the house ; during the same summer, another cane 

 is taken up from the bottom, and on one side, which is cut 

 back one-half, as the other one was the previous year. 

 The next season, this new cane is allowed to fruit, and also 

 the upper part of the first one, the side spurs on the 

 lower half having been cut out. Thus, there is a full 

 crop, only each half is on two separate canes. The 

 6 



