AND WINE MAKING. 17 



about an inch apart in the rows, covering about three- 

 quarters of an inch deep, with finely pulverized soil. 

 When the young plants appear, keep them clean and well 

 cultivated through the summer; in the fall take them up 

 carefully, and put in well drained fine soil, so as to preserve 

 their roots in the most perfect condition. It will be well, 

 during the summer, to look over them frequently, and if 

 any of them show disease in the leaf, pull them up at 

 once, as it is useless to save such as are feeble and un- 

 healthy. It may also be well to shade the young vines 

 for the first month or so, to prevent the sun from scald- 

 ing them while yet young and tender, and if any of them 

 grow remarkably strong, give them small sticks for sup- 

 port. In the following spring they may be transplanted 

 to their permanent location in the vineyard or garden. 

 The ground for their reception should be moderately 

 light and rich, and loosened to the depth of at least 

 18 inches. 



Make a hole about 8 inches deep, then throw in soil 

 so as to raise a small mound in the center of the hole, 

 about 2 inches high ; shorten the top of the young vine 

 to about 6 inches, and then place it on the mound, 

 spreading its roots well in all directions; fill up with well 

 pulverized soil, until the upper eye is even with the sur- 

 face of the ground. Then press the soil lightly, place a 

 good stake about 4 feet high with each vine, and when the 

 buds start, allow but one sprout to grow, which is to be. 

 tied neatly to the stake. The vines may be planted in 

 rows 6 feet apart, and 3 feet apart in the rows, as 

 many of them will prove worthless, and have to be dis- 

 carded. Allow all the laterals to grow on the young cane, 

 as this will make it stocky and short- jointed. Cultivate 

 well and frequently, keeping the soil loose and mellow. 



The second season the seedlings will generally make 

 from 3 to 4 feet of short- jointed growth ; in the fall 

 of that year they should be cut back to about three 



