AXD WIKE MAKING. 107 



Northern France. The Norton's, Cynthiana, and Her- 

 mann seem not to be quite satisfactory in their growth, 

 though their wines are all they desire. However, if they 

 have been mostly grafted upon vinifera stocks, this is not 

 surprising, for when the root is destroyed or weakened, 

 the graft can not nourish, and it is rather difficult to 

 establish a vineyard of them even here ; but when once 

 established, it will last. Their attention is now drawn 

 towards the Taylor, as a very easy vine to propagate, and 

 an excellent stock to graft upon, and if we once have 

 varieties which have the Phylloxera proof roots of the 

 Taylor, and which besides are abundant bearers, as we 

 now seem to have in the Elvira and her sisters, we have 

 found what is desired, and the supposition is but natural 

 that they will become in time the wine grapes of the 

 whole civilized world. It is indeed wonderful that, 

 when this insect threatens to destroy the grape vines of 

 the Old World, its remedy should be found here in our 

 Missouri vineyards, and it may truly be called providen- 

 tial. It would require too much space to give the full 

 natural history of the insect, and I refer those who wish 

 to study it to the valuable Report * of Prof. Riley, of 

 which I copy the most important part : 



How THE PHYLLOXERA AFFECTS THE VIKE. Prof. 

 Eiley says : " The result which follows the puncture of 

 the Root-Louse is an abnormal swelling, differing in form 

 according to the particular part and texture of the root. 

 These swellings, which are generally commenced at the 

 tips of the rootlets, eventually rot, and the lice forsake 

 them and betake themselves to fresh ones. The decay 

 affects the parts adjacent to the swellings, and on the 

 more fibrous roots cuts off the supply of sap to all parts 

 beyond. As these last decompose, the lice congregate 



* Sixth Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects 

 of tbe State of Missouri, by C. V. Riley, State Entomologist. St. Louis, 

 Mo., 1874. 



