AXD WINE MAKING. 285 







row of strong wooden pillars twelve feet from the wall. 

 This gives room for four rows of one thousand gallon 

 casks, one on each side and two in the middle, with suffi- 

 cient room between for pumping and racking. AVe have 

 here two rows of six casks on each side, one row of five 

 casks across at the further end, and two rows of five 

 casks each in the middle, making a capacity of twenty- 

 seven thousand gallons, to which we can easily add five 

 thousand more by putting smaller casks on top. This 

 keeps an even temperature of about sixty degrees, sum- 

 mer and winter. The second story is entirely above 

 ground, ten feet high, and with the same capacity as the 

 lower. This is used as the fermenting room proper, and 

 contains two rows of casks of one thousand gallons capa- 

 city each, in the middle, with smaller casks and ferment- 

 ing tanks on each side. The third story is really only a 

 halt' story, and contains stemmers, crushers, and presses. 

 The grapes are handed up in boxes over a platform at 

 the back end of the building, which is built into the 

 easi side of a hill. The upper story contains also some 

 fermenting vats for white grapes, grape boxes, and other 

 implements used in wine-making, and it serves as a shop 

 in which to make cutting's, etc., in winter. The presses 

 are connected by hose through holes in the floor (which 

 is also supported in a similar manner as the lower one) 

 with the casks and fermenting vats below, so that any of 

 the casks on the second or first floor can be filled directly 

 from the press. 



The process I have followed here has been, to ferment 

 the true white-wine grapes, such as Chasselas Fontaine- 

 bleati and Violet. Victoria Chasselas, Muscatell, etc., 

 when stemmed and crushed, for about twenty-four hours 

 on the skins, then press them, and run the juice into 

 casks in the second story, where it finishes fermentation. 

 The average temperature there is about sixty-live to sev- 

 enty-five degrees. 



