AND WINE MAKING. 301 



the beginner, with limited means and a few years of hard 

 labor, may find a home at much less cost. These, of 

 course, are districts at present not reached by railroads, 

 but which may be opened in a few years. If a man 

 seeks a home which will furnish all the facilities at once, 

 where all the industries are already established, and he 

 has a sure market for his products every day, he has to 

 pay for all these advantages. There are lands to be had, 

 however, on a still different plan, which many adopt. 

 Large landholders are parcelling out their lands in the 

 southern part of the State; they furnish the land, while 

 the cultivator furnishes the labor and the plants for the 

 vineyard, works it for three years, and at the end of that 

 time they divide, the owner taking one half of the vine- 

 yards, the other half going to the planter. I have heard 

 of many such arrangements in the neighborhood of Ana- 

 heim, Los Angeles Co., which worked to the mutual 

 satisfaction of both parties. It is comparatively easy 

 there to plant and cultivate a vineyard, as the soil is 

 sandy and very readily worked. But the land must be 

 irrigated at least once a year, and the irrigating privi- 

 leges, etc., may bring the cost to about the same as where 

 the land is purchased. Grapes are cheaper there also, 

 bringing only from eighteen to twenty-five dollars per 

 ton. But the yield is also greater, being from seven to 

 eight tons per acre. These vineyards produce at least 

 a year earlier than those do without irrigation. In the 

 neighborhood of Fresno, where I spent a day this fall, I 

 have seen vineyards, planted eighteen months ago, but 

 irrigated once a year, produce three to four tons to the 

 acre this fall; in the third year they will produce as much 

 as ours do here the fifth season. But still I would not 

 like to live there, as the climate is very hot in summer, 

 cold in winter, and is also considered unhealthy. 



Grapes are generally sold to the wine makers at the 

 above prices, who manufacture them into wines, which 



