36 American Grape Training. 



or from the arm itself. Sometimes the whole arm 

 is renewed from the head of the vine, or even from 

 the ground. 



The number of these upright canes and their dis- 

 tance apart upon these permanent arms depend 

 upon the variety, the strength of the vine and soil 

 and the fancy of the grower. From twelve to 



8. HORIZONTAL ARM. (Diagram.) 



twenty inches apart upon the arm is the common 

 distance. If a vine is strong enough to carry five 

 canes and the vines are eight feet apart, then the 

 canes are distributed at intervals of about twenty 

 inches. Some very strong vines of vigorous 

 varieties will carry eight canes upon the two arms 



