The Upright System. 37 



together, and in this case the canes stand about 

 a foot apart. In the fall or winter, the cane 

 is cut away and the strongest new cane which 

 springs from its base is left for the bearing wood 

 of the following year. This new cane is itself 

 headed in to the height of the trellis ; that is, if 

 the uppermost and lowermost wires are 34 

 inches apart as they are in the Brocton vineyards 

 of western New York, where this system is largely 

 used this new cane is shortened in to 34 inches 

 long. Upon this length of cane there will be about 

 seven good buds in the common varieties. 



A modification of this horizontal arm system is 

 shown in fig. 9. It is used about Forestville, 

 in Chautauqua county, New York. The arms in 

 this case are very short, and canes are taken out 

 only at two or three places. The picture shows a 

 vine in which two canes are taken from the end of 

 each arm, making four canes for the bearing top of 

 the vine. These canes are cut back to spurs in the 

 fall, as explained in the above paragraph. Some- 

 times one or two other canes are taken out of these 

 arms nearer the main trunk. The advantages 

 urged for this style of training are the stronger 

 growth which is insured by so few canes, and the 

 small amount of old or permanent wood which is 

 left to each vine. 



The horizontal arm training is less popular than 

 it was twenty years ago. It has serious faults, 

 especially in the persistence of the old spurs, and 



