JOHN ADLUM, of the District of Columbia, appears to have been 

 the first person to systematically undertake the cultivation 

 and amelioration of the native grapes. His method of train- 

 ing, as described in 1823, is as follows : One shoot is allowed to 

 grow the first year, and this is cut back to two buds the first fall. 

 The second year two shoots are allowed to grow, and they are tied 

 to "two stakes fixed down to the side of each plant, about five or 

 six feet high ;" in the fall each cane is cut back to three or four 

 buds. In the third spring, these two short canes are spread apart 

 " so as to make an angle of about forty-five degress with the stem," 

 and are tied to stakes ; this season about two shoots are allowed 

 to grow from each branch, making four in all, and in the fall the 

 outside ones are cut back to three or four buds and the inner ones 

 to two. These outside shoots are to bear the fruit the fourth year, 

 and the inside ones give rise to renewal canes. These two outer 

 canes or branches are secured to two stakes set about sixteen inches 

 upon either side of the vine, and the shoots are tied up to the 

 stakes, as they grow. The renewal shoots from the inside stubs 

 are tied to a third stake set near the root of the vine. The outside 

 branches are to be cut away entirely at the end of the fourth year. 

 This is an ingenious renewal post system, and it is easy to see 

 how the Horizontal Arm and High Renewal systems may have 

 sprung from it. 



