ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 



1. Grape Shoot 12 



2. The Bearing Wood 13 



3. Diagram 15 



4. Spur 18 



5. Renewal Pruning 19 



6. A Newly Set Vineyard 21 



7. Horizontal Arm Spur Training 35 



8. Horizontal Arm (Diagram) 36 



9. Short Arm Spur Training 38 



10. The Second Season of Upright Training 40 



11. Making the T-Head t 42 



12. The Third Season of High Renewal 43 



13. High Renewal, before Pruning 44 



14. High Renewal, Pruned 45 



15. High Renewal, Pruned and Tied 46 



16. High Renewal with Four Canes 47 



17. High Renewal Complete 48 



18. A Slat Trellis, with Upright Training 51 



19. Fan Training, after Pruning 55 



20. William Kniffih v 57 



21. The True Kniffin Training 59 



22. No. 21, when Pruned 60 



23. A Poor Type of Kniffin 64 



24. The Y-Trunk Kniffin 65 



25. Umbrella Training 67 



26. A Poor Umbrella System 68 



27. Eight-Cane Kniffin (Diagram) 70 



28. Overhead Kniffin 71 



29. Overhead Kniffin 72 



30. Overhead Kniffin, before Pruning 73 



31. Cross-Wire Training 75 



32. Cross-Wire Training, Outside View 76 



33. Munson Training. End View 78 



34. Munson Training. Side View 79 



35- Horizontal Training 83 



36. Low Post Training ' 86 



37. A Yearling Graft 91 



