The Upright System. 49 



the vines are set. Very strong kinds, like Con- 

 cord and Niagara, can carry ten or twelve buds on 

 each cane, especially if the vines are set more than 

 eight feet apart. Fig. 17 shows half of a Concord 

 vine in which about ten buds were left on each 

 cane. These strong sorts can often carry forty or 

 fifty buds to the vine to advantage, but when this 

 number is left the canes should be four, as explained 

 in the last paragraph. In Delaware and other weak- 

 growing varieties, twenty or twenty-five buds to the 

 vine should be the maximum and only two canes 

 should be left. In short-jointed varieties, the canes 

 are usually cut to the desired length four to six feet 

 even if too great a number of buds is left, but the 

 shoots which spring from these extra buds are 

 broken out soon after they start. A Delaware 

 vine which has made an unusually short or weak 

 growth will require fewer buds to be left for next 

 year's top than a neighboring vine of the same va- 

 riety which has made a strong growth. The Ca- 

 tawba, which is a short but very stiff grower, is usually 

 cut back to six or eight buds, as seen in figs. 13, 

 14 and 15. The grower soon learns to adjust the 

 pruning to the character of the vine without effort. 

 He has in his mind a certain ideal crop of grapes, 

 perhaps about so many bunches, and he leaves 

 enough buds to produce this amount, allowing, 

 perhaps, ten per cent, of the buds for accidents 

 and barren shoots. He knows, too, that the canes 

 should always be cut back to firm, well-ripened 



