54 American Grape Training. 



head after a time comes to be large and rough 

 and crooked, and often weakened by scars, and 

 better results are likely to be obtained if a new, 

 clean vine takes its place. 



The High Renewal is extensively used in the 

 lake region of Western New York, for all varieties. 

 It is particularly well adapted to Delaware, Cataw- 

 ba, and other weak or short varieties. When syste- 

 matically pursued, it gives fruit of the highest ex- 

 cellence. This High Renewal training, like all the 

 low upright systems, allows the vines to be laid 

 down easily in winter, which is an important con- 

 sideration in many parts Cf Canada and in the 

 colder northern states. 



Fan Training. A system much used a few years 

 ago and still sometimes seen, is one which renews 

 back nearly to the ground each year, and carries 

 the fruiting canes up in a fan-shaped manner. This 

 system has the advantages of dispensing with 

 much of the old wood, or trunk, and facilitating 

 laying down the vine in winter in cold climates. 

 On the other hand, it has the disadvantages of bear- 

 ing the fruit too low unless the lower clusters are 

 removed and making a vine of inconvenient shape 

 for tying. It is little used at present. Fig. 19 

 shows a vine pruned for fan-training, although it is 

 by no means an ideal vine. This vine has not been 

 properly renewed, but bears long, crooked spurs, 

 from which the canes spring. One of these spurs 

 will be seen to extend beyond the lower wire. The 



