9 American Grape Training, 



to the new vine. Ths old trunk should be cut 

 away as soon as the new one is permanently tied 

 to the wires, that is, at the close of either the first 

 or second season of the new trunk. Care must be 

 exercised to rub off all sprouts which spring from 

 the old root or stump. If this stump can be cut 

 back into the ground and covered with earth, bet- 

 ter results may be expected. Old vines treated in 

 this manner often make good plants, but if the 

 vines are weak and the soil is poor, the trouble 

 will scarcely pay for itself. 



These old vines can be remodeled easily by means 

 of grafting. Cut off the* trunk five or six inches 

 below the surface of the ground, leaving an inch or 

 two of straight wood above the roots. Into this 

 stub insert two cions exactly as for cleft-grafting 

 the apple. Cions of two or three buds, of firm 

 wood the side of a lead-pencil, should be inserted. 

 The top bud should stand above the ground. The 

 cleft will need no tying nor wax, although it is well 

 to place a bit of waxed cloth or other material over 

 the wound to keep the soil out of it. Fill the earth 

 tightly about it. Fig. 37 shows the first year's 

 growth from two cions of Niagara set in a Red 

 Wyoming root. Great care must be taken in any 

 pruning which is done this first year, or the cions 

 may be loosened. If the young shoots are tied to 

 a stake there will be less danger from wind and 

 careless workmen. In the vine shown in the illus- 

 tration, no pruning nor rubbing out was done, 



