242 PIONEERS OF SCIENCE IN AMERICA. 



picture and the preservation of the sitter. Then he was feasted, 

 a doctor's rattle was presented to him, and a magical wand, or 

 doctor's staff, " strung with claws of the grizzly bear, with 

 hoofs of the antelope, with ermine, with wild sage and bats' 

 wings and perfumed with the choice and savoury odour of the 

 polecat ; a dog was sacrificed and hung by the legs over my 

 wigwam, and I was therefore and thereby initiated into the 

 arcana of'medicine or mystery." 



Mr. Catlin was called by the Iowa Indians Chip-pe-ho-la ; by 

 the Mandans, Te-ho-pe-nee Wash-ee, or Great Medicine White 

 Man ; and by the Sioux at Fort Pierre, Ee-cha-zoo-kah-ga-wa-kou, 

 the Medicine Painter, and also We-chash-a-wa-kou, the Painter. 

 Associating with the Indians almost constantly, and seeing 

 their best side, Mr. Catlin's sympathies were wholly enlisted 

 for them ; and we find much in his observations appreciative 

 of their character and revealing an anxious interest in their 

 future. He often speaks as one who felt that a doom of ex- 

 termination which they did not deserve had been pronounced 

 against them. He wrote an " Indian creed " in 1868, pertinent- 

 ly to his being called the " Indian-loving Catlin," in which he 

 described those people as having always loved him and made 

 him welcome to the best they had ; as being honest without 

 laws, having no jails or poorhouses, keeping the command- 

 ments without ever having read them or heard them preached 

 from the pulpit, having never taken the name of God in vain, 

 loving their neighbours as themselves, worshipping God without 

 a Bible and believing that God loved them also, and " I love 

 all people who do the best they can, and oh, how I love a peo- 

 ple who don't live for the love of money ! " He asserted, in 

 his North American Indians, that the Indian " is everywhere, 

 in his native state, a highly moral and religious being, endowed 

 by his Maker with an intuitive knowledge of some great 

 author of his being and the universe ; in dread of whose dis- 

 pleasure he constantly lives, with the apprehension before him 

 of a future state, where he expects to be rewarded or punished, 

 according to the merits he has gained or forfeited in this 

 world." He found him the worshipper of a spiritual God, with 

 no idolatry. He discerned the evil of allowing traders to go 

 among the Indians to corrupt them, and thought that, if they 

 were obliged to come to the settlements to do their trading, 

 they would enjoy the advantages of competition, and see the 



