31 



Cinchonidin. The temperature of the middle regions of 

 the Andes, where this tree grows, is almost the same as that 

 of the Canary Islands. Superabundance of moisture is par- 

 ticularly to this species pernicious. The Crispilla variety 

 endures a temperature occasionally as low as 27 F. 



Cinchona clancifolia Mutis is considered by Weddell a 

 variety of C. officinalis. This grows on places, where the 

 mean annual temperature is that of Rome, with however 

 less extremes of heat and cold. It yields part of the Pitaya- 

 Bark. 



Cinchona Pitayensis must also be referred to C. officinalis 

 as a variety. This attains a height of 60 feet and fur. 

 nishes also a portion of the Pitaya Bark. It is this partic- 

 ular Cinchona, which in Upper India yielded in some 

 instances the unprecedented quantity of 11 per cent, alkaloids, 

 nearly 6 per cent. Quinin, the rest Quinidin and Cinchonin. 



In Java some of the best results were obtained with Cin- 

 chona Hasskarliana Miq., a species seemingly as yet not 

 critically identified. 



Cinchona succirubra, Pavon.* 



Middle andine regions of Peru and Ecuador. A tree, 

 attaining a height of 40 feet, yielding the red Peru-Bark, 

 rich in Quinin and Cinchonidin. It is this species, which is 

 predominantly cultivated on the mountains of Bengal. All 

 these Chinchonas promise to become of importance for cul- 

 ture in the warmest regions of our forest-land, on places not 

 readily accessible or eligible for cereal culture. The Peru- 

 vian proverb that Cinchona trees like to be "within sight of 

 snow" gives some clue of the conditions, under which they 

 thrive best. They delight in the shelter of forests, where 

 there is an equable temperature, no frost, some humidity at 

 all times both in air and soil, where the ground is deep and 

 largely consists of the remnants of decayed vegetable sub- 

 stances and where the subsoil is open. Drippage from 

 shelter-trees too near will be hurtful to the plants. Closed 

 valleys and deep gorges, into which cold air will sink, are 

 also not well adapted for cinchona- culture. In our Colony 

 we ought to consociate the Perubark-plants with naturally 



