319 



motions of, 14 ; spiral arrangement of 

 scales in, 17; the squirrel unlocking 

 cone, 17 ; seed of pine, 217, 284. 



Pith in bird's-nest, 221. 



"Pitchforks," 151. See Beggar - ticks. 



Plantain (Plantago major), dew on, 122; 

 English (P. lanceolata), rosettes of, 

 in winter, 241, 242. 



Plants, classified by butterflies, 80-86; 

 clew on, 121-124 1 night aspect or sleep 

 of, 124-127. 



Pod, underground, of the wild bean, 165- 

 167. 



Poison -dogwood, poison-elder, poison- 

 sumach. See Sumach (A*, venenata). 

 Poison-ivy, poison-oak. See Sumach 

 {R. toxicodendrori). 



Poisonous " May-apples," 60. 



Pollen, various forms of, 112 116; of 

 milk-weed, insects encumbered by, 1 16; 

 of skunk-cabbage, and bees, 2 ; explo- 

 sive, of pine, 149. 



Polygala, fringed (Polygala paiicifolia}, 

 underground flowers of, 63, 64. 



Polyphemus moth ( Telea Polyphemus), 

 cocoons and parasites of, 67-72. 



Pomme-Blanche, or prairie-apple, 57. 



Poplar-seeds, cotton of, 170. 



Poppy (Papaver), night-closing of flow- 

 ers, 127. 



Prairie-apple, 57. 



Prairie-hen, foot of, 267. 



Prairie-warbler, nest materials of, 224. 



Primrose. See Evening Primrose. 



Prometheus moth, cocoon of, 255. 



Puff-ball fungus, 177, 187. 



Purple finch, nest materials of, 224. 



Purslane, or Pusley (Portulaca oleraced), 

 night attitude of leaves, 127. 



Puss-moth caterpillar {Centra borealis), 

 singular features of, 144. 



RABBIT. See Hare. 



Ragweed, great (Ambrosia trijija), stat- 



ure and pith of, 43 ; pollen of, as a 

 cause of hay-fever, 280 ; seed of, 284 ; 

 seeds of, as food for birds, 280 ; small 

 (A. artimisifolia), 44. 



Red-eyed vireo, remarkable nest of, 221. 



Redwing blackbird, 40. 



Reed mace. See Cat-tail. 



Rib -grass plantain (P. lanceolata), 241, 

 242. 



Riley, C. V., on the bag-worm, 296. 



Robin, 38, 224. 



Rock flower (Saxifraga Virginiensis\ 

 21, 22. 



Roman wormwood. See Ragweed, Small. 



Rosettes of leaves in winter ; evening 

 primrose, thistle, peppergrass, plan- 

 tain, 240-243. 



Rose, wild, 202 ; at night, 126. 



" Rose willow," 209. 



Rove beetles. See Beetles. 



Ruby-crowned kinglet, 215. 



Rue Anemone {Thalictrum anemo- 

 noides), 21. 



Ruffed grouse. See Grouse. 



SALAMANDER, 74 ; a whistling, 194. 



Salsify, or oyster-plant, 172. 



Sanicle, clinging seeds of, 154. 



Sassafras, eyed caterpillar of, 132. 



Savannah cricket. See Frog. 



Saxifrage, early. See Rock Flower. 



Scarlet painted-cup, 61. 



Scotch pine, clicking cones of, 13. 



Scouring-rush (Equisetum hyemale}, 107- 

 111,122; use by early settlers, 107- 

 no; antiquity of, 122; fruit and 

 squirming spores of, 108 : stone skele- 

 ton of, disclosed by a chemical experi- 

 ment, in. 



Sea-groundsel (Baccharis), 174. 



Sedge, seed of, 284. 



Seeds: Curious shapes of, illustrated, 

 282; dissemination of, 150; agrimony, 

 154; ash, 216; aster, 173; bedstraw, 



