MANUFACTURING 77 



Spinning is the reducing of the drawn sliver into yarn ready for 

 weaving into worsted cloth. 



Warping follows spinning. Warping is the running of the 

 required length of warp yarns on to a large wooden drum, from 

 which it is run off on to a loom beam which is placed in position 

 on the weaving loom. 



Weaving is the next operation. Most worsted materials leave 

 the loom almost in a finished state. In this they differ greatly 

 from the woollens, which practically owe all their appearance 

 to the finishing operations following weaving. 



After weaving, burling is the next operation, which is the removal 

 of all little pieces of vegetable matter and the mending of any 

 broken threads. The latter is very particular work on worsted 

 materials, as any broken threads have to be sewn neatly so that 

 they will not show on the face of the cloth. In the case of a 

 woollen the teasling process would hide imperfections that would 

 be glaring faults in a worsted. 



Worsted cloths are finished in much the same manner as the 

 woollens, though as a rule they are not subject to teasling, as 

 the surface of most worsteds are desired smooth, showing the 

 weave of the material. Most worsteds are dyed in the piece 

 that is, in the made-up state. 



In woollen manufacture the greasy wool is generally made into 

 the finished cloth by the manufacturer, but in the manufacture 

 of worsted cloths the wool is generally divided up between a 

 number of manufacturers who specialize in one particular branch 

 of it. The wool-buyers are generally employed by the wool- 

 combers. The combers sort and scour the greasy wool and 

 comb it into tops and noils. The wool-combers then sell the 

 tops to a spinner, who converts them into yarns. The spinner 

 sells his yarns to a weaver, who weaves it into the finished article. 

 Many fabrics have to be dyed. Most English weavers and 

 spinners give their work out to the Bradford Dyers' Association, 

 so there are several special industries which each help to turn 

 out finished worsted goods. The great advantage of this method 

 is that each manufacturer becomes a specialist in his own particular 



