i8 2 THE SHEEP AND WOOL INDUSTRY 



Canary Stain. A light yellow stain found in some Queensland wools which 



cannot be washed out. 



Cashmere. Very fine downy wool from Cashmere goat. The name " cash- 

 mere " is also given to stockings and other fine light Merino wool 



goods. 

 Character. Term used to define well-grown wools that possess a very even 



crimp. 

 Charcoal-stained Wool. Sheep on country which has been swept by a 



bush fire get their wool discoloured by the charcoal on the burnt 



stumps. 

 Clothing Wool. Meaning a short Merino wool. A few years back this wool 



could not be combed economically, but it is now combed as easily as 



the longer wool. 

 Combed in Oil. English wool-combers work about 2 per cent, of oil in 



with their tops when combing to prevent friction between the wool and 



the combing machinery. 

 Combing Wool. Wool having a staple not less than i inches for Merino 



and 2\ inches for Cross-bred. 

 Comeback. A fine Cross-bred wool of 58's and 56's quality obtained by using 



a Merino sire on Cross-bred sheep, thus making the wool "come back" 



to the Merino side again. 

 Condenser. A carding machine which cuts the wool into small strips ready 



for spinning. 

 Condition. Referring to the state of wool. Wool containing a lot of yolk 



and foreign matter is called heavy-conditioned, while light and bright 



wools are called light-conditioned. 



Conditioning Wool. Testing either greasy, scoured wool, or tops, to ascer- 

 tain what percentage of moisture they contain. 

 Consignor. Person who sends or consigns wool or other merchandize from 



one place to another. 

 Cotted Wool. Cross-bred wool frequently becomes cotted through fibres 



felting together, and has to be torn apart by machinery. Merino wools 



seldom become cotted except portion of the neck wool and that under 



the jaws of the sheep. 

 Cross-bred. Cross-bred sheep are the progeny of two distinct breeds of sheep 



such as are produced by mating a Lincoln ram and Merino ewe. 

 Crutchings. Wool shorn off britch of sheep some time before shearing, in 



order to keep sheep clean, and to prevent maggot fly from attacking 



them. 

 Culling. Station term meaning the rejection of inferior sheep, which are 



called "culls." 

 Dags. Hard lumps of sheep dung which are encircled round the wool staples 



on britch end of sheep. 

 Dead Wool. Wool removed from dead sheep ; thousands of bales of dead 



wool were sold in Australia last season, 1912-13, on account of the dry 



spell. 



Dew-lap. Hanging folds under jaw and neck of sheep. 

 Dingy. Yellow and discoloured wool, usually very heavy in condition. 



