TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 93 



§i(l, mostly longer than the flowers. Fappiis 

 cup- shaped. 



Herbaceous, prickly or asperate; leaves of the stem 

 often connate at the base; capitulum teiminal. 



Species. 1. D syh-estns. Introduced; now becoming 

 naturalized. 



A genus indigenous to the South of Europe. The D. 

 fuUonum with hooked chaff is used in dressing woollen 

 "cloth. 



131. GALIUM. L, (Bed-straw. Cleavers.) 

 Calix 4 toothed. Corolla monopetalous, 4- 



clel't, flat. Seeds 2, nearly round. 



Smooth or asperate: flowers terminal, often corymbose- 

 ly paniculate, or axillary. Leaves verticillate. Flowers 

 rarely 3-cleft^ with 3 s'amens. 



Species. 1. G. trifid'im. 2, latifolium. 3. iiniforum. 4. 

 iinctorium. 5. asprellum. 6. Apariue- 7. uliginosxim? 8. 

 brachitUiim, Pursh. 9- tri/Ionim. 10. hispididum. 11. Ber- 

 mmlianiim. 12. pilosiim. 13. circeza?is. l^-. boreale 15. 

 cmpidatim\f Elliott, (with the segments of the corolla cau- 

 date.) 



The principal part of this numerous genus, exists in 

 Europe, several ai-e alpine, there are also species in Sibe- 

 ria, Barbary, and at the Cape of Good Hope; 7 m Peru, 

 and 1 at Montevideo; 1 in the forests of Arabia, described 

 by Forskall, and another around the ruins of Jerusalem; 

 in the isle of Crete there are 2 species whh shrubby stems. 

 Several species of Galium, Hke tlie Madqler {Riibia tine- 

 torinn) to which they are nearly allied, afford scarlet or 

 orange dyes. Of these the G. ^//^c/ori//??i and G. boreale? 

 are made use of by the aborigines of North America, in 

 the same manner as the Peruvians did of the G. carymbO" 

 sum. (V. Flor. Peruv. i. p. 59.) 



132. RUBIA. L. (Madder.) 



Calix 4-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4 or 5 

 cleft. Berries 2, roundish and smooth, single- 

 seeded. {Stamina 4 or 5.) 



Habit similar to Galium. 



Species. 1. i?. Broumel. From Carolina to Florida. 



Of this genus, besides the above, there are 2 species 

 indigenous to the continent of Europe; 1 to Chili, 1 to 

 Madrass in India, 1 to Minorca, and 2 to Majorca, of 



