THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM 215 



examination of the seminal fluid reveals the absence 

 of spermatozoa. 



Histological examination of the testicles of these types 

 of cases shows an atrophy of the seminal tubules, but 

 the interstitial gland is not affected. These cases have 

 a simple spermatic insufficiency. 



2. Those having the appearance of castrated individ- 

 uals. Variot and Bezancon have shown that these 

 individuals, in which the testicles are inside the abdomen, 

 have all the characteristics of eunuchs. On histological 

 examination of the testicles, the seminal tubules are found 

 flattened and buried in connective tissue, while the 

 interstitial gland is missing. 



These cases have a double spermatic and interstitial 

 insufficiency. 



III. TESTICULAR INSUFFICIENCY DUE TO TOXIC OR 

 INFECTIOUS LESIONS OF THE TESTICLES. 



Testicular insufficiency is sometimes the result of a 

 double orchitis with atrophy of the testicles. Certain 

 cases of traumatic orchitis end in atrophy. Orchitis from 

 mumps, Neisserian infection, lues, etc. , show similar changes. 



Certain infectious diseases (pneumonia, typhoid fever) 

 possibly also tuberculosis (Poncet and Leriche) can affect 

 the interstitial gland without causing an orchitis. 



All these various diseases cause symptoms of testicular 

 insufficiency which vary according to the age at which 

 these lesions developed. 



1. If the patient has been affected before puberty he 

 shows signs of infantilism. Evolution is arrested, the 

 proportions of the body and its morphology stays 

 infantile. The muscles are poorly developed and the 

 cartilages persist. 



