THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM 283 



seems to be related to the inconstant sublingual ganglion 

 described by Blandin; finally, the ganglion of Langley. 



All these ganglia belonging to the cranial portion of the 

 vegetative system are grouped in the following manner: 

 The ophthalmic ganglion is connected to the vegetative 

 system of the oculo motor; the spheno-palatin ganglion to 

 the vegetative system of the facial; the maxillary ganglion 

 and the ganglion of Langley to the vegetative system of the 

 intermediary nerve of Wrisberg; the optic ganglion to 

 the vegetative system of the glosso-pharyngeal. 



Outside of these ganglion, there are only ganglioniform 

 masses without any physiological interest, and further- 

 more, contrary to what is generally believed, they have 

 only unapparent connections with the thoracic lumbar 

 sympathetic; in other words, the sympathetic fibres do not 

 stop in the vegetative cranial ganglia; they simply go 

 through them, as opposed to the cranial vegetative fibres 

 which do stop. These facts result from the experimental 

 work done by English physiologists on nicotine. 



As for the splanchnic ganglia of the thorax, abdomen 

 and pelvis, cardiac ganglionic plexus of Wrisberg; solar 

 plexus (semi lunar, superior mesenteric and renal ganglia) ; 

 inferior mesenteric plexus (inferior mesenteric and hypo- 

 gastric ganglia), they do not belong as a whole to one 

 vegetative system, but anatomy and physiology show us 

 that they are more or less connected with the vegetative 

 tracts arising from the spinal axis. 



Anatomically the sympathetic thoracic, the vagus and 

 finally the pelvic give oft" fibres to these ganglia. This 

 means that these ganglia are physiologically connected 

 with the various vegetative systems. To be more precise, 

 now that we know the value of these vegetative ganglia, 

 is there an interruption of the fibres of these various 

 systems in the ganglionic cells of these ganglionic plexuses? 



