THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM 329 



1. A retraction of the globe of the eye, by paralysis of 

 the muscles of the capsule of Tenon. 



2. A narrowing of the palpebral fissure by paralysis of 

 the smooth muscles of the lids. 



3. A myosis, by cutting off the inhibitory power of the 

 sphincter of the iris. 



4. A decrease in ocular tension. 



5. Late trophic disturbances: conjunctivitis and 

 ulceration of the cornua. 



Stimulation of the sympathetic will cause just the 

 opposite : 



1 . Exophthalmos. 



2. An increase in the size of the palpebral fissure. 



3. Mydriasis. 



4. A vaso-constriction of the conjunctiva and the iris. 



II. CLINICAL STUDY. The sympathetic ocular syn- 

 dromes clinically show the following characteristics: 



1. Oculo-sympathetic syndrome with stimulation. 



2. Oculo-sympathetic syndrome with paralysis. 



3. Dissociated oculo-sympathetic syndrome. 



I. OCULO-SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION SYNDROME. 



This is characterized by the following symptoms : 



1. Pallor of the face. 



2. Unilateral pupillary dilatation. 



3. Retraction of the superior eyelid with: increase in 

 size of the palpebral fissure, Von Graefe's sign, the superior 

 eyelid lags behind when the eye looks downwards. 



4. Protrusion of the eyeball or exophthalmos. 



II. OCULO-SYMPATHETIC PARALYSIS SYNDROME. 



This is still called the Cl. Bernard-Horner syndrome (for 

 it was first performed experimentally by Claude Bernard 



