70 FIELDING H. GARKISON 



lich type, but the short, swarthy, goat-legged achondroplasics who often 

 exhibit great Wiscular strength, unusual sexual precocity, and general sa- 

 lacity, or the dark skinned people of the suprarenal type. These have been 

 assimilated to the satyrs of mythology, to the short, swarthy, troglodyte peo- 

 ples, such as the Iberians, or the Euskarians, the primitive inhabitants of 

 Britain, to "the short-limbed children, of precocious sexuality," and partic- 

 ularly the "forward female children, with full busts, already boasting of 

 their affairs," who are so common on the streets of modern cities. It was not 

 without reason that the Greeks represented the great god Pan as a goatish 

 individual. Except in the negro, the generic sexual type, the differential 

 characters of which are harped upon even in the plays of Dumas fils, is 

 short, swarthy, muscular ; the frigid type, of high pituitary index, is either 

 flabby and obese (the kiihle Blonde of the Germans) or the lank, raw-boned 

 acromegalic. It is said that many achondroplasic dwarfs of history, like 

 Sir Geoffrey Hudson, were of the salacious type. The records of the 

 obstetric clinics show that female achondroplasics, married or unmarried, 

 have sometimes undergone the operation of Cesarean section three or four 

 times running. The amazing fertility of achondroplasic women has been 

 emphasized in the statistical or biometrical investigations of Karl Pear- 

 son, and that this type connotes extreme sexuality is borne out by the 

 observations of Pierre Marie and his coworkers at the Salpetriere. Crook- 

 shank maintains that "the Bengalee is pretty much in the same state as a 

 sufferer from a forme fruste of exophthalmic goiter ; while the pigmenta- 

 tion and genital gigantism of the negro are suggestive of adrenal asser- 

 tion." He further points out that "certain genital malformations or 

 abnormities are almost always accompanied by adrenal tumors" ; and Isco- 

 vesco has stated that adrenal lipoids, when administered hypodermically, 

 rapidly produce genital overgrowth. 



Sir Arthur Keith has recently sought to explain the differentiation of 

 anthropoid apes and of ethnic types in man in the light of endocrine doc- 

 trine. The Caucasian and the Malay, akin to the orang, show the pre- 

 dominance of hyperpituitarism, the negro and the Mongol, akin to the 

 ii-orilla, of hyperadrenalism and hyper thyroidism, respectively. 



IV 



The most remarkable fact about the internal secretions is that they are 

 correlated with one another. Not only has this been abundantly demon- 

 strated by experiment, but, in many cases, pathological lesions of the indi- 

 vidual glands cause some disturbance in the functional relations of the 

 other glands the so-called "pluriglandular syndromes." The idea of a 

 correlative status is not necessarily new, was perhaps implicit even in 

 Bordeu's statement of the theory, but it did not begin to acquire tangible 

 and intelligible form until the complex chemistry of the metabolism of the 



